Home routers under attack...

FYI...

How to Protect Your Wi-Fi Network from the WPA Hack
- http://lifehacker.com/5079721/how-to...m-the-wpa-hack
Nov 7 2008 - "... a PhD candidate studying encryption has found an exploit in the WPA standard that would allow a hacker to "send bogus data to an unsuspecting WiFi client," completely compromising your Wi-Fi security and opening your network to all sorts of hacking. Lucky for you, it's not terribly difficult to protect yourself against the new exploit.
The key: Just log into your router, switch off Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) as an encryption mode, and use Advanced Encryption System (AES) only. TKIP is the only protocol that the hack applies to, so switching to AES-only will ensure that your Wi-Fi network is safe again. It's quick and easy, so do yourself a favor and make the adjustment now so you don't run into any problems in the future."

- http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/de...=CVE-2008-5230
Last revised: 12/03/2008

- https://www.cisco.com/en/US/products...nalInformation
"... the use of WPA2 with AES is recommended whenever possible..."

:fear:

FYI...

DSL modem-router botnet...
- http://blog.trendmicro.com/botnet-ri...-chuck-norris/
Mar. 1, 2010 - "... Dubbed the “Chuck Norris botnet,” based on the Italian comment in its source code, in nome di Chuck Norris (translation: “in the name of Chuck Norris”), this botnet infects vulnerable DSL modems and routers to spread a worm Trend Micro detects as WORM_IRCBOT.ABJ. This worm tries to gain access to a target router by guessing the router’s configuration password using brute force. It may also spread via shared networks by exploiting a known Microsoft vulnerability, MS03-039 Buffer Overrun in RPCSS Service. The worm’s routines make users who are connected to the same network or router at risk of being infected. This worm also has backdoor capabilities that allows attackers to execute remote command on affected systems, which include downloading and executing other malware and launching denial-of-service (DOS) attacks against other systems. Ultimately, its main goal is still to gain profit from unknowing users by stealing personally identifiable information (PII) and credentials to access certain websites, particularly online banking sites. Its infection routine via router may be unusual for most bots of its kind, which usually infects computers. But it is not the first time that bots have used modems and routers as a propagation platform. Trend Micro has, in fact, reported such attacks in the past in relation to other threat families such as ZLOB, RBOT, and QHOST..."

:fear::mad:

FYI...

Wi-Fi hacked in seconds ...
- http://blog.cpp.co.uk/index.php/arti...etworks-safely
14 Oct 2010 - "... Using only a laptop and widely available software, our ethical hacker demonstrated how vulnerable we are to Wi-jacking because of non-existent or inadequate online security. Having gained access to your personal details hackers can ‘cloak’ criminal activities such as purchasing illegal pornography or selling on stolen goods. It also allows them to view your private transactions over the network, accessing passwords and usernames which can then be used to impersonate you and commit identity fraud and other illegal activity in your name.
Key findings from the report:
• We found that nearly a quarter of private wireless networks have no password whatsoever attached, making them immediately accessible to criminals
• Hackers were able to ‘harvest’ usernames and passwords from unsuspecting people using public networks at a rate of more than 350 an hour, sitting in town-centre coffee shops and restaurants.
• More than 200 people unsuspectingly logged onto a fake Wi-Fi network over the course of an hour, putting themselves at risk from fraudsters who could harvest their personal and financial information.
Steps and ways to protect yourself..."
(More detail at the URL above.)

> http://www.cpp.co.uk/news/wireless-n...pen-to-attack/

- http://news.cnet.com/8301-27080_3-20021188-245.html
November 1, 2010 - "Chances are you don't leave your front door unlocked. And you shouldn't leave your Wi-Fi network unsecured either. Many of you may have heard this before, but many still seem to not be doing anything about it. You should. Here's why. With a $50 wireless antenna and the right software a criminal hacker located outside your building as far as a mile away can capture passwords, e-mail messages, and any other data being transmitted over your network, and even decrypt data that is supposedly protected..."

:fear::fear:

FYI...

Tools bypass Wireless router security...
- https://krebsonsecurity.com/2011/12/...uter-security/
December 29, 2011 - "... At issue is a technology called “Wi-Fi Protected Setup” (WPS) that ships with many routers marketed to consumers and small businesses... Setting up a home wireless network to use encryption traditionally involved navigating a confusing array of Web-based menus, selecting from a jumble of geeky-sounding and ill-explained encryption options (WEP, WPA, WPA2, TKIP, AES), and then repeating many of those procedures on the various wireless devices the user wants to connect to the network. To make matters worse, many wireless routers come with little or no instructions on how to set up encryption. Enter WPS. Wireless routers with WPS built-in ship with a personal identification number (PIN – usually 8 digits) printed on them. Using WPS, the user can enable strong encryption for the wireless network simply by pushing a button on the router and then entering the PIN in a network setup wizard designed to interact with the router. But according to new research, routers with WPS are vulnerable to a very basic hacking technique: The brute-force attack. Put simply, an attacker can simply try thousands of combinations in rapid succession until he happens on the correct 8-digit PIN that allows authentication to the device... if your router has a “WPS PIN” notation on its backside, then it shipped with this WPS feature built-in."
> http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/723755
Last Updated: 2011-12-27 - "... Workarounds: Disable WPS... best practices also recommend only using WPA2 encryption with a strong password, disabling UPnP, and enabling MAC address filtering so only trusted computers and devices can connect to the wireless network."
___

- https://isc.sans.edu/diary.html?storyid=12292
Last Updated: 2011-12-30 03:19:11 UTC - "... Disable WPS..."
___

• Linksys WPA2 setup: http://www6.nohold.net/Cisco2/GetArt...nverted=0#WPA2
• D-Link WPA2 setup: http://support.dlink.com/faq/view.asp?prod_id=1506
• Netgear WPA2 setup: http://kb.netgear.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/112
• Belkin WPA2 setup: http://en-us-support.belkin.com/app/...M01qSjhSTWs%3D

:fear::fear:

FYI...

WPS vulnerable to Brute-Force Attack
- https://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA12-006A.html
January 06, 2012 - "... Solution: Update Firmware: Check your access point vendor's support website for updated firmware that addresses this vulnerability. Further information -may- be available in the Vendor Information section of VU#723755* and in a Google spreadsheet called WPS Vulnerability Testing**.
Disable WPS: Depending on the access point, it may be possible to disable WPS. Note that some access points may -not- actually disable WPS when the web management interface indicates that WPS is disabled..."

* http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/723755#vendors

** https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/...SSHZEN3c#gid=0
___

Cisco WPS vuln Response
- http://tools.cisco.com/security/cent...1-wps#Response
2012-January-18 - Rev 2.0 - Updated information for the WRP400.

:fear::spider:

FYI...

- http://tools.cisco.com/security/cent...curityResponse

Cisco WPS vuln - status updated ...
- http://tools.cisco.com/security/cent...r-20120111-wps
2012-January-27 - Revision 3.0... Updated the Cisco UC320W WPS Disable status to Yes due to release of DisableWPS.pmf**. Added Cable and DSL access products currently under investigation. Added a link to Linksys product documentation*...

WPS vulnerability status update for Linksys devices
* http://www6.nohold.net/Cisco2/ukp.as...rticleid=25154
"... Cisco will be releasing firmware that allows customers to disable Wi-Fi Protected Setup to eliminate exposure to this issue... table lists affected products and will be updated with dates and firmware version numbers that include the ability to disable WPS..."

** https://supportforums.cisco.com/docs/DOC-16301
Last Modified: Jan 26, 2012 - Rev. 10
___

- http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/723755#vendors
Last Updated: 2012-01-28

:fear:

FYI...

WPS PIN brute force vulnerability
- http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/723755#vendors
Last revised: 10 May 2012
Overview: The WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) PIN is susceptible to a brute force attack. A design flaw that exists in the WPS specification for the PIN authentication significantly reduces the time required to brute force the entire PIN because it allows an attacker to know when the first half of the 8 digit PIN is correct. The lack of a proper lock out policy after a certain number of failed attempts to guess the PIN on many wireless routers makes this brute force attack that much more feasible...
Impact: An attacker within range of the wireless access point may be able to brute force the WPS PIN and retrieve the password for the wireless network, change the configuration of the access point, or cause a denial of service...
Please consider the following workarounds:
> Disable WPS
Within the wireless router's configuration menu, disable the external registrar feature of WiFi Protected Setup (WPS). Depending on the vendor, this may be labeled as external registrar, router PIN, or WiFi Protected Setup...
References:
- http://sviehb.wordpress.com/2011/12/...vulnerability/
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi_Protected_Setup
- http://download.microsoft.com/downlo...CN-Netspec.doc
- http://www.wi-fi.org/wifi-protected-setup/
- https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/...FpEUDNSSHZEN3c
- http://en-us-support.belkin.com/app/...-on-the-router

:fear::fear:

FYI...

DSL modem hack used to infect millions - banking fraud malware
- http://arstechnica.com/security/2012...-with-malware/
Oct 1, 2012 - "Millions of Internet users in Brazil have fallen victim to a sustained attack that exploited vulnerabilities in DSL modems, forcing people visiting sites such as Google or Facebook to reach imposter sites that installed malicious software and stole online banking credentials... The attack... infected more than 4.5 million DSL modems, said Kaspersky Lab Expert Fabio Assolini, citing statistics provided by Brazil's Computer Emergency Response Team. The CSRF (cross-site request forgery) vulnerability allowed attackers to use a simple script to steal passwords required to remotely log into and control the devices. The attackers then configured the modems to use malicious domain name system servers that caused users trying to visit popular websites to instead connect to booby-trapped imposter sites. "This is the description of an attack happening in Brazil since 2011 using 1 firmware vulnerability, 2 malicious scripts and 40 malicious DNS servers, which affected 6 hardware manufacturers, resulting in millions of Brazilian internet users falling victim to a sustained and silent mass attack on DSL modems," Assolini wrote... "This enabled the attack to reach network devices belonging to millions of individual and business users, spreading malware and engineering malicious redirects over the course of several months"... The vulnerability is even more alarming since the list of affected manufacturers and models is still unknown. Users who want to protect themselves should make sure their modems are using the latest available firmware, although based on what we know now, there's no guarantee the latest release has been patched against the exploited CSRF flaw."

:mad:

FYI...

Linksys WRT54GL firmware vuln
- https://secunia.com/advisories/51809/
Release Date: 2013-01-21
Impact: Cross Site Scripting
Where: From remote
Solution Status: Vendor Patch
Operating System: Linksys WRT54GL 4.x
Solution: Update to firmware version 4.30.16.
Original Advisory: Linksys:
http://homedownloads.cisco.com/downl...aseNotes,0.txt

:fear:

FYI...

D-Link DIR-300 / 600 routers vuln
- https://threatpost.com/en_us/blogs/r...ilities-020713
Feb 7, 2013 - "... vulnerabilities in D-Link’s DIR-300 and DIR-600 routers could allow an attacker to inject arbitrary shell commands and ultimately compromise the device... Messner first discovered the vulnerabilities at the tail end of 2012 and forwarded them to D-Link who insisted the issue was relegated to browsers and that the company would not publish a fix. Messner elected to provide more information to D-Link more than a week and a half ago, on January 25. Having still not heard back yet, Messner saw fit to publicly releasing the attack details earlier this week. A post by The H-Security* claims that all current D-Link firmware versions (Version 2.13, released November 7, 2012 and Version 2.14b01, released January 22, 2013) are affected by the flaw and suggests – at least until D-Link issues a fix – to “decommission the affected browsers.” D-Link did not respond to e-mail requests for comment..."

* http://h-online.com/-1798804
6 Feb 2013

- http://atlas.arbor.net/briefs/index#-1154464955
Feb 07, 2013
Analysis: "Many home offices and small offices use broadband connections with devices like the D-Link routers. Such environments don't often have security savvy people on staff, and the compromise of such devices can lead to all sorts of issues such as attackers planting malicious DNS servers in the device configuration that affect every system on the LAN using DHCP to receive DNS settings. In addition, an attacker could use such a vulnerability to penetrate deeper into an enterprise network by compromising a machine on the LAN and backdooring it."

- http://h-online.com/-1800471
8 Feb 2013

- https://secunia.com/advisories/52080/
Release Date: 2013-02-08
Criticality level: Moderately critical
Impact: Exposure of system information, System access
Where: From local network
... weakness, security issues, and vulnerability are reported in the following products:
* D-Link DIR-300 version 2.12 and 2.13.
* D-Link DIR-600 version 2.12b02, 2.13b01, and 2.14b01.
Solution: No official solution is currently available.

:sad: :fear:

FYI...

D-Link DIR-645 - Firmware v1.03 update-fix
- https://secunia.com/advisories/52432/
Release Date: 2013-03-01
... security issue is reported in version to 1.02. Other versions may also be affected.
Solution: Reportedly fixed in version 1.03.
Original Advisory: http://archives.neohapsis.com/archiv...3-02/0151.html
"... D-Link has released an updated firmware version (1.03) that addresses this issue..."

> http://www.dlink.com/us/en/support/p...me-router-1000
Latest Firmware - Version v1.03

:fear:

FYI...

Linksys EA2700 firmware - update
- http://arstechnica.com/security/2013...mote-takeover/
Apr 9, 2013 - "... The most severe of the vulnerabilities in the "classic firmware" for the Linksys EA2700 Network Manager is a cross-site request forgery weakness in the browser-based administration panel... A statement issued by officials from Belkin, which recently acquired the Linksys brand, said the vulnerabilities documented by Purviance had been fixed in the Linksys Smart Wi-Fi Firmware that was released in June... link for the Linksys Smart Wi-Fi Firmware:
- http://support.linksys.com/en-us/support/routers/EA2700
EA Series Linksys Smart Wi-Fi Firmware
11/19/2012
Ver.1.1.39.145204
- http://downloads.linksys.com/downloa...e_11192012.txt

:fear:

FYI...

ASUS routers - critical updates...
- http://h-online.com/-1918469
16 July 2013 - "... updates are available from the company's support page* for the two router models RT-AC66U and RT-N66U. The company says that it will offer fixes for the other affected models "soon". In the meantime, ASUS recommends turning -off- all AiCloud functions like Cloud Disk, Smart Access and Smart Sync."
* http://www.asus.com/support/

:fear: :sad:

FYI...

D-Link routers back door vuln...
- http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/...s-wifi-routers
Oct 15 2013 - "... D-Link has hurriedly prepared a patch for WiFi routers that are affected by a recent security alert... In a statement on its website*, D-Link acknowledged the problem and said that it is "proactively working with the sources of these reports". In the meantime, the company has posted an interim firmware update to address the problem... a full fix will be with us by the end of October."
* http://www.dlink.com/uk/en/support/security
"... Disable remote access to your router if it is not required (this is disabled by default)... These firmware updates address the security vulnerabilities in affected D-Link routers. D-Link will update this continually and we strongly recommend all users to install the relevant updates..."

- https://isc.sans.edu/diary.html?storyid=16802
Last Updated: 2013-10-14 19:58:28 UTC - "... old d-link routers which allows the attacker to gain admin privileges in the router. The following models are affected:
DIR-100
DI-524
DI-524UP
DI-604S
DI-604UP
DI-604+
TM-G5240
DIR-615 ...
... check this page* to look for information on how to access the admin tool to change the password..."
* http://support.dlink.com/emulators/w...ools_admin.htm

:fear::fear:

FYI...

D-Link routers - Security Update...
- http://krebsonsecurity.com/2013/12/i...-link-routers/
Dec 2, 2013 - "... Although the router models affected are fairly old, there are almost certainly plenty of these still in operation, as routers tend to be set-it-and-forget-it devices that rarely get replaced or updated unless they stop working... On Nov. 28, D-Link released a series of updates to fix the problem*..."
* http://www.dlink.com/uk/en/support/security
Update on Router Security issue
___

D-Link routers authenticate administrative access using specific User-Agent string
- http://securityadvisories.dlink.com/...?name=SAP10001
Last updated: Dec 3, 2013
Rev 9

- https://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/d...=CVE-2013-6026 - 10.0 (HIGH)
"... as exploited in the wild in October 2013."

:fear::fear:

FYI...

Linksys router backdoor grants Admin access to Remote Users
- http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1029551
Jan 3 2014
Impact: User access via network
Version(s): Models WAG200G, WAG320N, WAG54G2, WAG120N, WAP4410N; possibly other models
Description: A vulnerability was reported in several Linksys Routers. A remote user can gain administrative access. A remote user can send specially crafted data to TCP port 32764 to execute commands on the target system with administrative privileges.
The following devices are affected:
Linksys WAG200G
Linksys WAG320N
Linksys WAG54G2
Linksys WAG120N
Linksys WAP4410N
Other Linksys models may be affected.
Routers from other companies may also be affected.
The original advisory is available at:
- https://github.com/elvanderb/TCP-32764
Solution: No solution was available at the time of this entry...

- https://isc.sans.edu/diary.html?storyid=17336
Last Updated: 2014-01-02 22:13:53 UTC

- https://www.grc.com/x/portprobe=32764

- http://atlas.arbor.net/briefs/index#-1412990358
Elevated Severity
16 Jan 2014
An undocumented backdoor in approximately twenty-five types of Cisco Small Business routers has been discovered.
Source: http://www.tripwire.com/state-of-sec...nted-backdoor/

:fear::fear:

FYI...

Linksys home routers targeted and compromised in active campaign
- https://net-security.org/malware_news.php?id=2707
Feb 13, 2014 - "... undetermined vulnerability affecting certain Linksys WiFi routers is being actively and massively exploited in the wild to infect the devices with a worm dubbed "TheMoon"* ... investigation started after they were notified by a Wyoming-based ISP that some of its customers have had their Linksys routers and home networks -compromised- in the last few days. "The routers, once compromised, scan port 80 and 8080 as fast as they can (saturating bandwidth available)"... it seems that the exploit doesn't work against Linksys' E1200 routers with the latest firmware, but E1000 routers are -vulnerable- even if they have the latest firmware. The worm also attempts to download a "second stage" binary, which includes a set of hard-coded netblocks (probably blocks it scans) and likely instructions for contacting C&C servers. Other files are also ultimately downloaded... Much is yet unknown about the situation, and while the researchers are delving into it, it might be a good idea to update your router's firmware and, if you know how, to switch -off- its remote administration..."
* https://isc.sans.edu/forums/diary/Su...+Routers/17621

** https://isc.sans.edu/forums/diary/Li...Captured/17630

Upgrading the Linksys router’s firmware ...
- http://kb.linksys.com/Linksys/ukp.as...articleid=4030

- http://support.linksys.com/en-us/support/routers/E1200

- http://support.linksys.com/en-us/support/routers/E1000
___

What we know so far...
- http://isc.sans.edu/diary.html?storyid=17633
Last Updated: 2014-02-13 18:37:18 UTC - "... At this point, we are aware of a worm that is spreading among various models of Linksys routers. We do not have a definite list of routers that are vulnerable, but the following routers -may- be vulnerable depending on firmware version: E4200, E3200, E3000, E2500, E2100L, E2000, E1550, E1500, E1200, E1000, E900. The worm will connect first to port 8080, and if necessary using SSL, to request the "/HNAP1/" URL. This will return an XML formatted list of router features and firmware versions. The worm appears to extract the router hardware version and the firmware revision... The worm will connect first to port 8080, and if necessary using SSL, to request the "/HNAP1/" URL. This will return an XML formatted list of router features and firmware versions. The worm appears to extract the router hardware version and the firmware revision... the worm will send an exploit to a vulnerable CGI script running on these routers. The request does not require authentication. The worm sends random "admin" credentials but they are not checked by the script. Linksys (Belkin) is aware of this vulnerability. This second request will launch a simple shell script, that will request the actual worm. The worm is about 2MB in size, samples that we captured so far appear pretty much identical but for a random trailer at the end of the binary... We do not know for sure if there is a command and control channel yet. But the worm appears to include strings that point to a command and control channel. The worm also includes basic HTML pages with images that look benign and more like a calling card. They include images based on the movie "The Moon" which we used as a name for the worm. We call this a "worm" at this point, as all it appears to do is spread. This may be a "bot" if there is a functional command and control channel present..."
(More detail at the ISC URL above.)
___

- https://net-security.org/malware_news.php?id=2711
Feb 18, 2014 - "... Administrators and users are advised to -Disable- Remote Administration of their device, which protects them from the attack."

:fear::fear:

FYI...

Linksys EA2700, EA3500, E4200, EA4500 Authentication Bypass ...
- http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1029769
CVE Reference: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvenam...=CVE-2013-5122
Feb 17 2014
Impact: User access via network
Version(s): EA2700, EA3500, E4200, EA4500
Description: A vulnerability was reported in some Linksys Routers. A remote user can gain administrative access to the target system...
On some systems, TCP port 443 may also be open.
The vendor was notified in July 2013...
Impact: A remote user can gain administrative access on the target system.
Solution: No solution was available at the time of this entry...
___

- https://secunia.com/advisories/56994/
Release Date: 2014-02-24
Criticality: Highly Critical
Where: From local network
Impact: Security Bypass...
Operating System: Linksys E4200, EA2700, EA3500, EA4500
... vulnerability is currently actively exploited in the wild.
... exploited to gain access to otherwise restricted functionality via TCP port 8083.
Solution: No official solution is currently available.
... Reported as a 0-Day...

- https://www.grc.com/x/portprobe=8083

- https://www.grc.com/x/portprobe=443

- http://support.linksys.com/en-us/support/routers/EA2700

:fear:

FYI...

300,000+ wireless routers hijacked by criminals in global attack
- http://www.welivesecurity.com/2014/0...global-attack/
4 Mar 2014 - "More than 300,000 wireless routers worldwide are under the control of an unknown group of cybercriminals, who have made malicious changes to the devices’ settings, allowing the attackers to misdirect computers to websites of their choice. Ars Technica reports* that the attack, which began in January 2014, affects multiple brands of router, including devices from D-Link, Micronet, Tenda among others. Routers around the world are affected, with many victims in Vietnam, but other affected in Thailand, Colombia and Italy. Team Cymru**, the specialist security company which identified the attack said that the mass attack was the “latest in a growing trend” of cybercriminals targeting SOHO (small office/home office) routers as a way to target victims without compromising PCs directly..."
* http://arstechnica.com/security/2014...cious-changes/
"... The telltale sign a router has been compromised is DNS settings that have been changed to 5.45.75.11 and 5.45.76.36..."
** https://www.team-cymru.com/ReadingRo...g&pk_kwd=Media

:fear::fear:

FYI...

Chameleon WiFi Virus spreads ...
- http://blog.malwarebytes.org/online-...s-like-a-cold/
Mar 6, 2014 - "A team of researchers at the University of Liverpool developed a virus dubbed Chameleon that travels over WiFi networks and spreads “as efficiently as the common cold spreads between humans.” Unlike most viruses, Chameleon doesn’t go after computers or internet resources, but focuses on access points (APs), or where you connect to the internet. For the average home user, this is usually a wireless router. The research team says the virus spreads fast, avoiding detection and identifying “the points at which WiFi access is least protected by encryption and passwords.” If the virus hits a roadblock when trying to propagate, it simply looks for other access points “which weren’t strongly protected including open access WiFi points common in locations such as coffee shops and airports”... It’s unfortunate that very few routers today have adequate anti-virus protection, if they have any at all. In addition, many consumers don’t ever change the default username and password on their routers, making it dreadfully susceptible to hijacking. Here are some measures you can take to protect yourself from these types of threats:
• Change the default username and password on your home router
• Ensure your WiFi network is password protected with a strong password
• Avoid weaker wireless authentication protocols like WEP
• Don’t broadcast your network’s name (SSID)
• Avoid public networks and WiFi hotspots
• Consider MAC address filtering to control which devices connect to your network "
- Disable Remote Administration

:fear::fear:

FYI...

When Networks Turn Hostile ...
- http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs...-turn-hostile/
May 20, 2014 - "We’ve previously discussed how difficult it is to safely connect to networks when on the go... many holiday lodges and hotels today have made Wi-Fi access an integral part of their offered amenities... it is easy to take secure Internet access for granted... using the provided Internet access, the Facebook app on my smartphone refused to connect. Other apps and websites worked fine, however. Trying to access Youtube using the mobile browser resulted in this:
Fake Youtube alert:
> http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs...05/router1.png
Obviously, the above warning made no sense on an Android device. What would happen if I tried to access Facebook on a PC, then? The same issue occurred – and an off-guard user might not find it suspicious at all:
Fake Facebook alerts:
> http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs...05/router2.png
> http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs.../router-2a.png
If the user actually clicked the OK button on either of the two messages the following pages would appear:
Fake Internet Explorer update:
> http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs...0comment04.jpg
Fake Adobe Flash Player update:
> http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs...0comment05.jpg
... Clicking on any part of the site results in a malicious file, detected as TSPY_FAREIT.VAOV, being downloaded and run on the affected system. FAREIT malware is typically used to download other threats onto an affected system. So, how was this done? A little investigation found that the DNS settings had been -modified- so that DNS queries went to a malicious server, that redirected users... The router of the network was a TP-Link TD-W8951ND all-in one modem/router, which combined a DSL modem and a wireless router in just one device. However, this router contains a fairly serious vulnerability: an external user can access the page where the router’s firmware can be upgraded or backed up. However, this firmware file can be easily decoded; once decoded it contains the root password in the very first line... The list of targeted sites was fairly extensive, with more than 600 domains being targeted. Some of the sites targeted (aside from Facebook and Yahoo) include Ask, Bing, Google, Linkedin, Pinterest, and SlideShare. All of these sites used the .com top-level domain...
How do you prevent yourself from becoming a victim of this attack? One suggestion is to explicitly use public DNS servers, such as those of Google (8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4). This can usually be done in the operating system’s network settings, and is applicable to both mobile and non-mobile systems... [or OpenDNS 208.67.222.222 and 208.67.220.220]* ... Two settings can also help in reducing the risks from these attacks: first, port 80 should be forwarded to a non-existent IP address. In addition, the web management interface of the router should not be accessible from the WAN side of the network."
* https://store.opendns.com/setup/
___

Multiple Vulnerabilities in SNMP ...
- http://atlas.arbor.net/briefs/
High Severity
May 23, 2014
"... these devices are considered end-of-life, they will likely not receive firmware upgrades addressing these security issues. Metasploit exploit code for these vulnerabilities is available. Attackers often make use of available exploit code for known vulnerabilities to target vulnerable systems..."

Disable SNMP wherever possible, ASAP.

- https://www.grc.com/port_161.htm
"... If our port analysis ever shows that a router (for example) or other network device exposed to the Internet has its SNMP interface open you will want to arrange to disable and close that port immediately..."

Related Ports: https://www.grc.com/port_23.htm

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FYI...

D-Link DIR-505/505L Wireless Router - Firmware updates
- https://secunia.com/advisories/58972/
Release Date: 2014-05-27
Criticality: Moderately Critical
Where: From local network
Impact: System access
Solution Status: Partial Fix
Operating System: D-Link DIR-505, 505L Wireless Router
No CVE references.
... vulnerability has been reported in D-Link DIR-505 and D-Link DIR-505L Wireless Routers, which can be exploited by malicious people to compromise a vulnerable device...
Related to: https://secunia.com/SA58728/ *
The vulnerability is reported in versions 1.07 and prior.
Solution: Apply update if available.
Original Advisory:
- http://securityadvisories.dlink.com/...?name=SAP10029

* Original Advisory: D-Link:
- http://securityadvisories.dlink.com/...?name=SAP10027

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FYI...

Unpatchable systems ...
- https://www.computerworld.com/s/arti...chable_systems
June 2, 2014 - "... Broadband routers humming away peacefully in attics and home offices have become the latest targets of sophisticated cyber criminal groups... In March, the security consultancy Team Cymru warned* that hackers had compromised some 300,000 small- and home-office broadband routers made by firms D-Link, Micronet, Tenda, and TP-Link, among others. That attack followed a similar incident in which compromised home routers were used in attacks on online banking customers in Poland and the appearance, in February, of a virus dubbed "The Moon"** which spreads between Linksys E-Series home routers, exploiting an authentication bypass vulnerability in the systems. Worse, these attacks relied on the same set of problems common to embedded systems: poor (or "commodity") engineering, insecure default settings, the use of hard-coded (permanent) "backdoor" accounts, and a lack of sophistication on the part of device owners, Team Cymru reported... When security is absent from the design of the device, there are few options for securing it after the fact, short of replacing the hardware and software entirely... with so many legacy systems that are so lacking in basic security features, the risk of compromise is always there..."
* http://www.team-cymru.com/ReadingRoo...OPharming.html

** http://grahamcluley.com/2014/02/moon-router-worm/
"... a worm that was spreading between Linksys routers. What’s unusual about the worm, which has been dubbed “The Moon”, is that it doesn’t infect computers. In fact, it never gets as far as your computer. And that means up-to-date anti-virus software running on your computer isn’t going to stop it. The worm never reaches a device which has anti-virus protection running on it..."
I.E., see firmware updates: http://support.linksys.com/en-us/support/routers/EA6900
And this: http://isc.sans.org/diary.html?storyid=4282 ... an old post, but it still applies.
___

- http://blogs.cisco.com/security/snmp...ntly-observed/
June 17, 2014 - "... Cisco has recently seen a spike in brute-force attempts to access networking devices configured for SNMP using the standard ports (UDP ports 161 and 162). Attacks we’ve observed have been going after well known SNMP community strings and are focused on network edge devices... While there’s nothing new about brute-force attacks against network devices, in light of these recent findings, customers may want to revisit their SNMP configurations and ensure they follow security best practices, including using strong passwords and community strings and using ACLs to restrict access to trusted network management endpoints..."

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FYI...

Netis routers - backdoor open ...
- http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs...open-backdoor/
Aug 25, 2014 - "Routers manufactured by Netcore, a popular brand for networking equipment in China, have a wide-open backdoor that can be fairly easily exploited by attackers. These products are also sold under the Netis brand name outside of China. This backdoor allows cybercriminals to easily run arbitrary code on these routers, rendering it vulnerable as a security device. What is this backdoor? Simply put, it is an open UDP port listening at port 53413. This port is accessible from the WAN side of the router. This means that if the router in question has an externally accessible IP address (i.e., almost all residential and SMB users), an attacker from anywhere on the Internet can access this backdoor... This backdoor is “protected” by a single, -hardcoded- password located in the router’s firmware. Netcore/Netis routers appear to all have the -same- password. This “protection” is essentially -ineffective- as attackers can easily log into these routers and users cannot modify or disable this backdoor... In order to determine if their router is vulnerable, users can use an online port scanner... probe at port 53413:
> https://www.grc.com/port_53413.htm
... Users have relatively few solutions available to remedy this issue. Support for Netcore routers by open source firmware like dd-wrt and Tomato is essentially limited; only one router appears to have support at all. Aside from that, the only adequate alternative would be to -replace- these devices."
___

Netis Router Backdoor “Patched” but not really
- http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs...ut-not-really/
Oct 3, 2014 - "... the ShadowServer Foundation* has been kind enough to scan for IP addresses affected by this vulnerability... the same number of devices were at risk (we note that the number has risen at the time of this writing)... Netis has addressed the vulnerability with a firmware update for the router models vulnerable to the backdoor (downloadable from their official website’s download page**)... instead of removing the code that pertains to the backdoor (which is in essence an open UDP port), the update instead closes the port and hides its controls. What this basically means is that the backdoor is still in the router – just that it’s closed by default, and only someone who already knows about the backdooritself and has the technical knowledge to open it can access it... The fact that the port is still there means it can still be opened and used for malicious purposes, especially if the attackers manage to get a hold of the password to the router’s web console and can obtain access to the LAN side of the router (via, say, malware on a client PC). It still leaves the router (and the network tied to it) open to attack. It’s like patching up a hole in the wall with a door and then just giving the owner of the house a key to that door – the keys can still be stolen, and the hole can still be used to break into the house. Should you still update? Yes. We highly recommend installing the update if you still wish to use your Netcore/Netis router, as it does at least give you access control over the port (if you know what you’re doing), and overall makes the router more secure. However, we want to stress that users should also make their router passwords stronger as well -immediately- after applying this update - or, if their routers do not require password access, then for them to activate that feature through the web console and THEN make the password as strong as they can possibly be. Strong passwords practices include making it as long as the password form allows, as well as using special symbols and numbers along with letters. We will continue to monitor this particular issue and update as necessary."
* https://netisscan.shadowserver.org/
"... 885,093 distinct IPs have responded to our probe..."

** http://www.netis-systems.com/en/Downloads/
___

- http://atlas.arbor.net/briefs/
High Severity
28 Aug 2014

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FYI...

Belkin routers - heartbeat.belkin.com -outage- taking routers down
- https://isc.sans.edu/diary.html?storyid=18779
2014-10-07 21:30:53 UTC - "According ot various reports, many users of Belkin routers are having problems connecting to the internet as of last night. It appears that the router will occasionally ping heartbeat.belkin.com to detect network connectivity, but the "heartbeat" host is not reachable for some (all?) users. Currently, the host responds to ICMP echo requests, but apparently, many Belkin routers are still down.
As a workaround, you can add an entry to the routers host file pointing heartbeat.belkin.com to 127.0.0.1. This appears to remove the block. The "block" only affects the DNS server on the device. It will route just fine. You can still get hosts on your network to work as long as you set a DNS server -manually- for example using Google's DNS server at 8.8.8.8. .
For a statement from Belkin, see:
- https://belkininternationalinc.statuspage.io
... Belkin also pointed to this page on its community forum:
- http://community.belkin.com/t5/Wirel...m-p/5796#M1466 "

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FYI...

D-Link DSR routers - OpenSSL SSL/TLS Handshake Security Issue
- https://secunia.com/advisories/61383/
Release Date: 2014-10-13
Where: From local network
Impact: Manipulation of data, Exposure of sensitive information
Solution Status: Vendor Patch
Operating System:
D-Link DSR-1000, 1000N, 500, 500N Router
CVE Reference(s):
- https://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/d...=CVE-2014-0224 - 6.8
Last revised: 09/23/2014
... security issue in multiple D-Link products, which can be exploited by malicious people to disclose and manipulate certain data. The security issue is caused due to a bundled vulnerable version of OpenSSL...
Solution: Update to firmware version 1.09.b61.
Original Advisory:
- http://securityadvisories.dlink.com/...?name=SAP10045
9 Oct 2014 - "... can be exploited by a Man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack where the attacker can decrypt and modify traffic between the client and device... These firmware updates address the security vulnerabilities in affected D-Link devices..."

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FYI...

Linksys SMART WiFi firmware ...
- http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/447516
Last revised: 03 Nov 2014
Impact: A remote, unauthenticated attacker may be able to read or modify sensitive information on the router.
Solution: Apply an Update:
If possible, users are encouraged to -update- their -firmware- to the latest version to remediate these vulnerabilities..."
> https://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/d...=CVE-2014-8244 - 7.5 (HIGH)
Last revised: 11/03/2014
"Linksys SMART WiFi firmware on EA2700 and EA3500 devices; before 2.1.41 build 162351 on E4200v2 and EA4500 devices; before 1.1.41 build 162599 on EA6200 devices; before 1.1.40 build 160989 on EA6300, EA6400, EA6500, and EA6700 devices; and before 1.1.42 build 161129 on EA6900 devices allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information or modify data via a JNAP action in a JNAP/ HTTP request..."

> http://support.linksys.com/en-us/support/routers/
___

Bad Wi-Fi router password could be a major security threat
- http://bgr.com/2014/11/05/wireless-r...y-and-hacking/
Nov 5, 2014 - "... Looking at more than 2,000 households in America, Avast* found that 25% of consumers use their address, name, phone number, street name and other easily guessed terms as passwords for their routers... half of routers are “poorly protected by default or common, easily hacked password combinations such as admin/admin or admin/password, or even admin/no-password.” After gaining access to a household Wi-Fi router, hackers could use it to redirect Internet users to -malicious- websites instead of the actual sites they want to visit — such as a -fake- online banking site masquerading as the real thing — in order to steal sensitive information including login credentials that could be then used for other malicious attacks. The procedure is also known as DNS hijacking**. Avast also found that just less than half of Americans believe their home network is secure, with 16% revealing they have been the victims of hackers in the past..."
* https://blog.avast.com/2014/11/05/yo...urity-attacks/
Nov 5, 2014

** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_hijacking
"... subverting the resolution of Domain Name System (DNS) queries. This can be achieved by -malware- that overrides a computer's TCP/IP configuration to point at a rogue DNS server under the control of an attacker, or through modifying the behaviour of a trusted DNS server... A rogue DNS server translates domain names of desirable websites (search engines, banks, brokers, etc.) into IP addresses of sites with unintended content, even malicious websites..."

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FYI...

DNS Changer Malware sets sights on Home Routers
- http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs...-home-routers/
May 28, 2015 - "Home routers can be used to steal user credentials, and most people just don’t know it yet. Bad guys have found ways to use Domain Name System (DNS) changer malware* to turn the most inconspicuous network router into a vital tool for their schemes. We already know that routers sometimes ship with malicious DNS server settings**. In this scenario, the malware is used to tamper with the router and its DNS settings. In the event that users try to visit legitimate banking websites or other pages -defined- by the bad guys, the malware would redirect users to malicious versions of the said pages. This would allow cybercriminals to steal users’ account credentials, PIN numbers, passwords, etc. We’ve seen a growing number of related malicious sites in Brazil (nearly 88% of all infections), the United States, and Japan. These sites run a browser script that performs a brute-force attack against the victim’s router, from the internal network. With access to the administration interface through the right credentials, the script sends a single HTTP request to the router with a malicious DNS server IP address. Once the malicious version replaces the current IP address, the infection is done. Except for the navigation temporary files, no files are created in the victim machine, no persistent technique is needed and nothing changes. Modified DNS settings mean users do not know they are navigating to clones of trusted sites. Users that don’t change the default credentials are highly vulnerable to this kind of attack...
(Majority of affected routers are from Brazil):
> https://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlab...NS_router3.png
Some of the -redirected- sites we noted are mobile-ready. This means that once a router gets its DNS settings changed, all devices in the router network are exposed to this attack, including mobile devices. The attack may not only be limited to online banking fraud. This kind of attack becomes especially dangerous for Internet of Things (IoT) or smart devices as cybercriminals can easily poison DNS names of authentication/feedback websites used by those devices and steal users’ credentials.
Best Practices: To prevent this attack and other router-centric ones, we strongly recommend that users configure routers to:
- Use strong passwords all user accounts.
- Use a different IP address than the default.
- Disable remote administration features.
It is a good idea to periodically audit the router DNS settings and pay attention to the visited websites that require credentials like e-mail providers, online banking, etc. They must all show a valid SSL certificate. Another useful preventive action is to install browser extensions that can block scripts before they get executed in the user’s browser, like NoScript***...
Malicious DNS servers:
176.119.37.193
176.119.49.210
52.8.68.249
52.8.85.139
64.186.146.68
64.186.158.42
218.186.2.16
218.186.2.6
192.99.111.84
46.161.41.146
Updated May 30, 2015, 4:32 AM PST "

* http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs...are-you-ready/

** http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs...ning-messages/

*** https://noscript.net/

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FYI...

Netgear Routers under Attack... 10,000 vulnerable
- http://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news...tect-yourself/
Oct 8, 2015 - "... a previously disclosed Netgear exploit that is now publicly being used to hack Netgear routers. This exploit allows a remote user to gain access to the administrative section of your router -without- knowing your login credentials as long as Remote Administration is enabled. Once the router is exploited, attackers are modifying its DNS server settings so that any DNS requests are being routed to DNS servers under the attacker's control. This allows the attacker to perform man-in-the-middle attacks or -redirect- users to fake banking and shopping sites in order to steal credit card information or account credentials. It has been reported that approximately 10 thousand routers have been affected by this vulnerability... there is -no- available firmware update that resolves this issue, it is important that all Netgear users -disable- Remote Administration on their routers as a precaution. To be honest, unless you absolutely need it, all remote administration on all routers should be disabled as it is a potential door into your network. The known Netgear firmwares that are affected by this vulnerability are 300_1.1.0.31_1.0.1.img and N300-1.1.0.28_1.0.1.img. The known list of affected Netgear models are JNR1010v2, JNR3000, JWNR2000v5, JWNR2010v5, N300, R3250, WNR2020, WNR614, and WNR618.
For Netgear users, you can -disable- Remote Administration by clicking on the Advanced category to expand it and then clicking on Remote Management. At the screen below, -uncheck- Turn Remote Management On and then click on the Apply button."

> http://www.bleepstatic.com/images/ne...management.gif

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